Mumbai: Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare Dr Harsh Vardhan on Tuesday released the Factsheets of crucial indicators on population, reproductive and kid wellness, loved ones welfare, nutrition and other folks for 22 States/UTs of the initial phase of the 2019-20 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) on Universal Health Coverage Day on 12th December, 2020.
These benefits are accessible on the Ministry’s web site, www.mohfw.gov.in. These 22 Phase-I States/UTs are Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, West Bengal, Andaman Nicobar Island, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh and Lakshadweep. The fieldwork in the remaining 14 (Phase-II) States/UTs is at the moment below progress.
The key objective of successive rounds of the NFHS is to provide trusted and comparable datasets on wellness, loved ones welfare and other emerging challenges. Four rounds of NFHS (1992–93, 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16) have been effectively completed in India. All the rounds of NFHS have been performed by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, as the national nodal agency. Earlier the Health Ministry itself utilised to conduct District Level Health Survey (DLHS) and Annual Health Survey (AHS). MoHFW has decided to conduct integrated NFHS with a periodicity of 3 years in lieu of distinctive surveys from 2015-16 onwards to meet the evolving needs for frequent, timely and acceptable information at the National, State and District levels. The NFHS-5 is becoming performed in about 6.1 lakh sample households to provide disaggregated information up to district levels. And this information so generated when completed would be comparable with NFHS-4 without the need of any loss of information and facts.
The state factsheet released consists of information and facts on 131 crucial indicators. The district-level factsheets constituting 342 districts of these Phase I States/UTs that have been uploaded on 14th December, 2020 on the web site of the Ministry and have information and facts on 104 crucial indicators. These significant indicators on population, wellness and loved ones welfare, nutrition, and other folks will assist track the progress of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the nation. Many indicators of NFHS-5 are comparable to these of NFHS-4, carried out in 2015-16 to make doable comparisons more than time. However, NFHS-5 consists of new focal regions such as expanded domains of kid immunization, elements of micro-nutrients to youngsters, menstrual hygiene, frequency of alcohol and tobacco use, extra elements of non-communicable illnesses (NCDs), expanded age ranges for measuring hypertension and diabetes amongst all, aged 15 years and above, will give requisite input for strengthening current programmes and evolving new approaches for policy intervention.
The crucial benefits from the State/UT factsheets are as follows:
The Total Fertility Rates (TFR) has additional declined considering the fact that NFHS-4 in pretty much all the Phase-1 States and UTs. The replacement level of fertility (2.1) has been accomplished in 19 out of the 22 States/UTs and only 3 states viz. Manipur (2.2), Meghalaya (2.9), and Bihar (3.) have TFR above replacement levels now. Overall Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) has elevated substantially in most States/UTs and it is the highest in HP and WB (74%). The use of contemporary techniques of contraception has also elevated in pretty much all States/UTs.Unmet requirements of loved ones organizing have witnessed a declining trend in most of the Phase-1 States/UTs. The unmet will need for spacing which remained a big concern in India in the previous has come down to much less than 10 % in all the States except Meghalaya and Mizoram. Full immunization drive amongst youngsters aged 12-23 months has recorded substantial improvement across States/UTs/districts. More than two-thirds of youngsters are totally immunized in all the States and UTs except Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Assam. In pretty much 3-fourths of districts, 70% or more youngsters aged 12-23 months are totally immunized against childhood illnesses.
On comparing NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 information, the boost in complete immunization coverage is observed to be expeditious in a lot of states and UTs in 11 out of the 22 states/UTs, the boost was to the tune of more than 10 percentage point and in an additional 4 states/UTs among 5 to 9 percentage point more than the brief span of 4 years. This can be attributed to the flagship initiative of Mission Indradhanush launched by the government considering the fact that 2015.
There is an boost in the % of girls getting the advised 4 or more ANC visits by wellness providers in a lot of States/UTs. This percentage has elevated in 13 States/UTs among 2015-16 to 2019-20. Institutional births have elevated substantially with more than 4-fifth of the girls delivering in institutions in 19 States and UTs. Institutional delivery is more than 90 % in 14 out of the total 22 States and UTs. Almost 91% of districts recorded more than 70% institutional deliveries of births in the 5 years preceding the survey. Along with an boost in institutional births, there has also been a substantial boost in C-section deliveries in a lot of States/UTs, specially in private wellness facilities. Sex ratio at birth has remained unchanged or elevated in most States/UTs. The majority of the states are in a standard sex ratio of 952 or above. SRB is beneath 900 in Telangana, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, DNH & DD. Child nutrition indicators show a mixed pattern across states. While the predicament enhanced in a lot of States/UTs, there have been a minor deterioration in other folks. Drastic adjustments in respect of stunting and wasting are unlikely in a brief period. Anemia amongst girls and youngsters continues to be a bring about of concern. More than half of the youngsters and girls are anemic in 13 of the 22 States/UTs. It has also been observed that anemia amongst pregnant girls has elevated in half of the States/UTs compared to NFHS-4, in spite of the substantial boost in the consumption of IFA tablets by pregnant girls for 180 days or more. For each girls and males, there is a lot of variation in the higher or quite higher random blood glucose levels across States/UTs. Men are more probably to have slightly greater blood glucose levels in the variety of higher or quite higher compared to girls. The percentage of males with higher or quite higher blood glucose is highest in Kerala (27%) followed by Goa (24%). The prevalence of elevated blood stress (hypertension) amongst males is somewhat greater than in girls. The percentage of households with enhanced sanitation facility and clean fuel for cooking has elevated in pretty much all the 22 States/UTs more than the final 4 years (from 2015-16 to 2019-20). The Government of India has produced concerted efforts to provide toilet facilities to maximum households by way of Swachh Bharat Mission, and enhanced household atmosphere by way of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in the nation. For instance, the use of cooking fuel has elevated more than 10 percentage point in all the States and UTs in the course of the final 4 years with more than 25 percentage point boost in the states of Karnataka and Telangana. Women’s empowerment indicators portray considerable improvement across all the States/UTs integrated in Phase 1. Considerable progress has been recorded among NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 in regard to girls operating bank accounts. For instance, in the case of Bihar, the boost was to the tune of 51 percentage point from 26 per cent to 77 per cent. More than 60 per cent of girls in each state and UTs in the initial phase have operational bank accounts.
It may perhaps also be stated that recurrent floods in Kerala in the course of the time of survey as effectively as the earlier year may perhaps have impacted the utilization of maternal care services and therefore, it may perhaps have some uncommon/unexpected trend in some of the maternal care indicators for some of the districts. In Tripura from the 4 districts which had been previously current at the time of NFHS-4, 8 new districts had been formed which had been covered in NFHS-5. This could have led to compositional adjustments of the population thereby, becoming one particular of the variables impacting negatively the levels of some of the indicators of the state. It really should also be noted that whilst interpreting and comparing the trends for smaller sized States/UTs exactly where sample sizes are smaller right caution requirements to be taken.
The fieldwork in the 14 States/UTs in Phase-II was launched in January 2020. At the time of national lockdown (at the finish of March 2020), about 38% of the fieldwork was completed in these States/UTs. With the easing of lockdown, the field operations have resumed from mid-November, 2020 in these States/UTs. Keeping in view of the prevailing COVID-19 predicament, a lot of organizing and preparations have been carried out in terms of the vital revisions in the survey protocols and protective measures to resume fieldwork in Phase II States/UTs. Fieldwork is anticipated to be more than by February/March, 2021 and crucial indicators for second phase States/UTs will be accessible about May, 2021. The national-level indicators such as most of the SDG wellness indicators are anticipated to be accessible by June/July 2021.